{"id":6072,"date":"2015-10-01T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2015-10-01T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.asssa.es\/en\/blog-entry\/respiratory-disease\/"},"modified":"2019-10-18T11:18:59","modified_gmt":"2019-10-18T09:18:59","slug":"respiratory-disease","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.asssa.es\/en\/respiratory-disease\/","title":{"rendered":"Respiratory Disease"},"content":{"rendered":"

Acute and chronic respiratory conditions are a serious health problem and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. In Western societies, respiratory diseases are among the main causes of death<\/strong> and one of the most frequent causes of hospital admissions. The most common respiratory diseases are asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which include chronic bronchitis and emphysema.<\/p>\n

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease<\/strong><\/u><\/p>\n

COPD is a condition that constricts the airways, thus allowing less air into and out of the lungs<\/strong> due to bronchitis or emphysema. The condition may be largely stable for several months and deterioration is generally slow, progressive and irreversible.<\/p>\n

Chronic Bronchitis<\/strong> is clinically defined as excess production of sputum leading to a chronic cough for three months of the year, generally for at least two consecutive years.<\/p>\n

Emphysema<\/strong> is a condition whereby the air sacs of the lungs (alveoli) at the end of the smallest airways (bronchioles) become enlarged, destroying the alveolar septae.<\/strong><\/p>\n

The most common cause of COPD is smoking<\/strong>. The age at which you start to smoke, number of packets\/year and current consumption are all important factors. However, the disease does not become clinically significant in all smokers, with only 15% developing COPD. <\/p>\n

Other important risk factors related to COPD include:<\/p>\n

– Passive smoking<\/strong>. It is very important to keep children away from cigarette smoke. Lung function increases during childhood and adolescence. Acute respiratory conditions are more common in children who are passive smokers.<\/p>\n

– Occupational disease.<\/strong> Workers exposed to dust or powder of mineral (in coal or gold mines, foundries) or vegetable (cereals, cotton) origin run a higher risk of suffering from chronic bronchitis. Exposure to dust in the workplace increases smokers’ risk of suffering from COPD.<\/p>\n

– Environmental pollution.<\/strong> Its impact is not known, but it is certainly far less of a risk than smoking. Pollution and smoking combined have a detrimental effect on the airways.<\/p>\n

COPD has an chronic inflammatory component that affects the airways, parenchyma and pulmonary circulation.<\/p>\n

The functional abnormality that defines COPD is reduced peak expiratory flow due to anatomical changes to the bronchioles and increased resistance to airflow. Lung elasticity and gas exchange also decrease.<\/p>\n

The first effect of tobacco is lung irritation, which mostly affects the large airways (bronchi), causing a cough and expectoration. The clinical symptom of this irritation is the hypersecretion from which almost all smokers suffer. A percentage of smokers also suffers from inflammation of the smallest airways (bronchioles) and destruction of the alveolar walls.<\/p>\n

Lung function gradually deteriorates from 20-25 years of age. Non-smokers aged 75 years have usually lost a quarter of the lung function they had in their youth without clinical repercussions. A high percentage of smokers evolve similarly to non-smokers, however, there are also so-called ‘susceptible smokers’ whose lung function deteriorates significantly, usually around the age of 45-50 years. Giving up smoking halts the rapid decline in pulmonary function, but the damage done is not recoverable.<\/p>\n

Most patients with symptomatic COPD have smoked more than 20 cigarettes a day for more than 20 years. Serious symptoms tend to appear from 50 years on.<\/p>\n

 Most of these patients have a morning cough<\/strong> which is exacerbated by secondary infections.<\/p>\n

Dyspnoea<\/strong> (breathing difficulties) is sometimes the only symptom of patients with COPD<\/strong>. This is usually a progressive condition which sometimes interferes with work capacity.<\/p>\n

The best way of treating COPD is prevention. The most important etiologic agent is smoking. Giving up smoking is the only “treatment” which has a positive effect on the natural history of COPD<\/strong> and which can prevent chronic respiratory failure. Stopping smoking is the best therapeutic measure to stop progression of the disease and increase life expectancy. <\/p>\n

Dr. Juan Antonio Andreo Ramírez – ASSSA Medical Manager<\/em><\/p>\n

ASSSA Health Insurance<\/u><\/b><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The information published in this media neither substitutes nor complements in any way the direct supervision of a doctor, his diagnosis or the treatment that he may prescribe. It should also not be used for self-diagnosis.<\/em><\/p>\n

The exclusive responsibility for the use of this service lies with the reader.<\/em><\/p>\n

ASSSA advises you to always consult your doctor about any issue concerning your health.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Acute and chronic respiratory conditions are a serious health problem and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. 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